Professor Jo-Ann Passmore from the University of Cape Town (UCT) is leading a research group that is developing technology to identify genital tract inflammation, even in cases without symptoms. This technology will help combat sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV).
The Research Group’s Work
The research group led by Passmore investigates inflammatory biomarkers in the genital tract and mucosal surface immunity that either protect against or increase susceptibility to STIs, including HPV and HIV. Their work spans various randomised controlled trials and cross-over studies that evaluate the impact of hormonal contraceptives on HIV risk in young South African women.
Challenges in Diagnosing STIs and BV
Limited access to healthcare services and high costs associated with STI-specific tests result in a reliance on diagnosing STIs and BV based on observable clinical signs and symptoms. A pressing concern arises from the substantial number of women and adolescent girls harboring STIs or BV without exhibiting any symptoms.
Higher Risk for Adolescent Girls and Young Women
Adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 face a higher risk of HIV infection compared to their male counterparts. UNAIDS reported in 2022 that adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa were three times more likely to contract HIV than males in the same age group.
Targeted Research for African Women
Professor Passmore said the underrepresentation of African participants in clinical trials hampers the development of targeted, practical, and relevant treatments for the continent. This lack of African data emphasizes the urgent need for targeted research to develop effective treatments for African women.
Comprehensive Approach to Tackling HIV in Africa
To address the elevated HIV infection rates and improve pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa, Passmore calls for a comprehensive approach tackling the underlying issues. She believes that by integrating treatment for untreated STIs and BV, HIV incidence in Africa can be reduced.
Innovative Technology for Early Detection
Passmore and her UCT team are developing a cutting-edge technology involving a genital inflammation test using vaginal samples. This innovative method allows for early detection and intervention in cases of asymptomatic STIs and BV, consequently lowering the risk of HIV infection.
User-Friendly Design
Professor Passmore emphasized that this technology resembles an off-the-shelf pregnancy test in its non-invasive, cost-effective, and user-friendly design, making it an invaluable tool that can be quickly and easily administered in primary care settings or as part of home-based care.
Developing Targeted Interventions
By understanding the geographic variations in vaginal microbiomes underlying BV in Africa, the Vaginal Microbiome Research Consortium for Africa can develop targeted interventions tailor-made for African women and adolescent girls. This innovative approach holds tremendous potential in transforming the landscape of sexual and reproductive health in the African continent.
