Cape Town has introduced a new cleaning levy to pay for keeping the city’s streets clean and improving infrastructure. While city leaders say it’s fair because wealthier residents pay more, many people and groups argue it’s unfair, possibly illegal, and adds extra financial pressure. A court case is underway, inspired by a similar ruling that struck down a sanitation fee in another city. This debate is about more than money it’s about fairness, trust, and how cities can grow without hurting their communities. The outcome will shape Cape Town’s future and may influence other South African cities too.