The coal partnership between Glencore and African Rainbow Minerals has run into trouble in the South African mining sector due to complex economic and environmental factors that bind South African mining enterprises with international markets, particularly the EU. Raw materials entering the EU are subjected to strict inspection by ESG standards that govern the import and usage of resources such as coal. As Glencore and ARM navigate the challenges of their joint venture, the wider implications for South Africa’s trade relations, compliance with international ESG standards, and the role of responsible corporate citizenship become more pronounced.
