The 30th Investing in African Mining Indaba in Cape Town honored the late Namibian President and discussed opportunities and challenges in the African mining sector. South Africa’s mining industry has undergone transformative changes over the past three decades, with a shift from 2% to 39% black ownership. However, the sector faces challenges such as geopolitical conflict, energy costs, and illegal mining. President Ramaphosa proposed goals to boost the sector’s competitiveness and ensure a sustainable future. Initiatives such as the Electricity Action Plan and Just Energy Transition Investment Plan provide a roadmap for progress.