In South Africa, there is a big debate about how to change healthcare for the better. One idea is the National Health Insurance (NHI) plan, which aims to give everyone access to healthcare through a governmentrun system. However, some people worry it might take too long and be hard to put into action. On the other side, the Universal Healthcare Access Coalition (UHAC) suggests a different path with a dual system, mixing tax funding and insurance to make sure everyone gets care without waiting years. This plan focuses on helping the poorest while allowing those who can pay to contribute, all while making local healthcare more responsive to people’s needs.